Compound Nouns

 

What are compound nouns?

A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words. Have a look at these examples:

• weekday (noun + noun)

• raincoat (noun + noun)

• chopstick (noun + noun)

Compound nouns can be written three ways:

A single word                Two words                 Hyphenated

                                      haircut                           rain forest                  self-esteem

   toothpaste                      ice cream                   brother-in-law

A compound noun can not only be made by adding 2 nouns together, but can be made by adding 2 words together to make one word.

 

Examples of compound nouns

noun + noun – policeman, motorcycle

noun + verb – sunrise, haircut

verb + noun – breakfast,  rainfall      

adjective + noun – blackboard, software       

adverb + noun – on-looker, downtime

adverb + verb – input, output 

preposition + verb – undercut, downfall

 

When a compound noun is a single word, make it plural by adding s to the end. If the compound noun is hyphenated or composed of two separate words, remember to add s only to the word that is plural.

One mother-in-law ⇒ two mothers-in-law

(There are two mothers, not two laws.)

One director general ⇒ two directors general

(There are two directors, not two generals.)

Exercise 1

Read the paragraph and circle the compound nouns.

 Yesterday in homeroom, Bob and I discussed the spots that are in our high school. we both agreed that our victory in the championship volleyball game was the highlight of the season. Bob also said he couldn’t wait for basketball season to start. He has been practicing lay-up all month. I am looking forward to baseball season. I have played the short spot position for two years. coach Brown told me that I should practice everyday in order to stay in shape. Did you know that coach Brown’s brother-in-law used to play baseball for the Giants? I’m very glad that I moved to Dade county High school so that I could be involved in the sports programs here. Now, I think it is time for me to finish my homework about Abraham Lincoln.

Exercise 2

Match the words in the two columns to make compound nouns.

Pan                           cloth
Flower                       room
Wash                         date
Push                           cake
Fire                             book
Birth                           truck
Note                            pot
Lunch                          ups
Bath                             box

Verbs in English

 

Objectives

At the end of the lesson students will be able to identify

  –  what is a verb
  –  how to recognize a verb
 –   common types of verb

What is a verb?

– A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event or a state.

-A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the subject performs.

-Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.

                               Ex.    Kamal eats rice.

                               Children paly cricket

How to Recognize a Verb

-One clue to help us recognize a verb is its location compared to the subject.

-Usually, verb comes after the noun or pronoun. These nouns or pronouns refers to the subject.

                        Ex. We went to the market.

According to the above example, ‘we’ is the subject and ‘went’ is the verb.

Exercise 01

Read the following paragraph and try to recognize verbs contained.

Hello everyone. My name is John. I came from Switzerland. I am currently living in Sri Lanka. I’m a Student as I still learn new things every day. I have visited many countries. But this is my first time to Sri Lanka. I think Sri Lanka is a beautiful country. Sri Lankan people help each other. They highly appreciate hospitality. I love Sri Lanka.

Common types of verbs

-Regular verbs

-Irregular verbs

-Phrasal verbs

Regular Verbs

A verb that’s past and past participle is made by adding ‘d’ or ‘ed’ is called regular verb.

Example:

    Verb                 Past simple           Past Participle

Clean	Cleaned	Cleaned
Choke	Choked	Choked
Grate	Grated	Grated
Book	Booked	Booked
Ban	Banned	Banned

Irregular Verbs

If the formation of the verb is otherwise than the regular verb, it is called irregular verb.

Example

Break	Broke	Broken
Beat	Beat	Beaten
Become	Became	Become
Bid	Bid	Bid
Drive	Drove	Driven
Know	Knew	Known

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are very common in English, especially in more informal contexts. They are made up of a verb and a particle or, sometimes, two particles.

Example:

I gave up doing my homework because I didn’t understand it.

The mother asked her daughter to clean up her room.

He calmed down after the argument because he took a deep breath.

Who looks after the baby when you’re at work?

Who came up with that idea?

Here are some common Phrases for more knowledge.

• Hang out  
• Hang on
• Hold on 
• Ask out
• Mix up
• Pass out
• Look down
• Set up
• Warm up
• Work out
• Show off
• Put up with 

Exercise 2

Write the past participle form of the given verbs.

Complete :……………..

Become    :……………..

Receive    :……………..

Clean        :……………..

Learn        :……………..

Give up : ……………..

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the bracket.

01. He _______ (want) to become an IAS officer.

02. Raju _______ (go) to market yesterday.

03. Saman _______ (eat) milk rice in the early morning.

04. I have ______ (complete) my homework just now.

07. We had ______ (reach) the airport by 9 O’clock.

Make sentences using given phrases.

1.  Hang on
2. Pass out
3. Set up
4. Warm up
5. Go over 
6. Come on